From PGP to Mythos: a brief history of export controls that didn't stop anyone

Thirty years of attempts to restrict the export of cryptographic and cybersecurity software have produced a consistent finding: the controls slow adoption at the margins while rarely preventing determined actors from obtaining the technology. The article draws that historical thread forward to the US government's move against Anthropic's Mythos cybersecurity model, asking whether a new category of restriction will fare any differently. It is a measured, evidence-grounded caution against policy optimism that history has not rewarded.